Photonic Crystal Waveguides Composed of Hyperbolic Metamaterials for High-FOM Nano-Sensing

This study introduces an innovative integration of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) and photonic crystals (PtCs), each possessing unique dispersion properties that effectively manipulate the propagation light. We present a PtC waveguide consisting arrays HMM nanorods, denoted as PtCs. configuration enables realization high figure merit (FOM) nano-sensor. HMMs PtCs share same underlying physics. can generate surface plasmonics, while offer bandgap for waveguide. presents novel sensing solution directly couples plasmonics modes. By modifying refractive indices surrounding materials, exhibits alterations in absorption transmission, allowing detection temperature, pressure, material variations. The materials be adjusted based on sensor’s intended application. For instance, when sensor is utilized temperature sensing, thermal infrared serve medium. As rises, index changes accordingly, impacting modes thereby altering transmission. finite element method to conduct numerical simulations order assess transmission characteristics proposed system. Given this approach involves full electromagnetic calculation Maxwell’s equations, it closely approximates real-world scenarios. employed demonstrates remarkable performance system, achieving sensitivity 324.16 nm/RIU (refractive unit) impressive FOM 469.58 RIU−1. These results signify substantial improvement over plasmonic sensors, which typically exhibit limited FOMs. direct coupling between provides distinct advantage, deliver superior performance. consequence, emerges exceptionally appealing option applications. complexity system fabrication challenge. Nevertheless, technology continues advance, we anticipate issue resolved. holds vast potential across diverse fields, including biology, medicine, clinics, representing exciting advancement both industry scientific research.